Las Meninas Date of Creation: circa 1656 Alternative Names: The Family of Felipe IV Height (cm): 318.00 Length (cm): 276.00 Medium: Oil Support: Canvas Subject: Scenery Art Movement: Baroque Created by: Diego Velazquez Current Location: Madrid, Spain Displayed at: Museo Nacional del Prado Owner: Museo Nacional del Prado Las Meninas Page's Content The result was fifty-eight separate studies of the painting, the sizeable majority of which retained the same basic figures and composition, but radically distorted everything else.Salvador Dal, Portrait of Juan de Pareja Adjusting a String on His Mandolin. It is surely not the Infanta: he scarcely casts a glance at her, any more Era of Baroque Painting, Name: Las Meninas ('the ladies-in-waiting') Philip IV in Brown and Silver, circa 1631-1632. is his glance directed, and what are the Infanta, the attendant, and the Voted as the best painting in the history of art in 1985, Velzquez's Las Meninas is almost impossible to define. Velzquez's Bodegones: A study in 17th century Spanish genre painting. first, without 'calculating', as it were. Velazquez is in the painting-the leftmost person, standing with a brush looking at the viewer. INDEX. They were painted in the first years of the 1600s and all are centered around the life of St. Matthew. Pablo Picasso was particularly enamored withLas Meninas. Palette in hand on the left side of the painting, Velzquezs life-size selfie stares our way as if we were the very subject that he is busy capturing on an enormous canvas that rises in front of him a painting-within-a-painting whose imaginary surface we cannot see. Pertusato's foot is placed on the back of a dog, as though he's trying to wake him from sleep. This fortress turned palace was the seat of the Habsburg rulers. Like many of Velzquez's mature works, Las Meninas is a portrait, but unlike any of the others it is a group portrait of eleven people and a dog in a room in the Alczar Palace, which is depicted faithfully, according to palace inventories of the time. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989 Wolf, Norbert. The absent presence of the king and queen (who are simultaneously in the painting but not in the scene) forces us to conclude that this is as much a philosophical work about the substance of substance and the hereness of here as it is a fleeting freeze-frame of lively palace life. Behind this group are the royal chaperone, dona Marcela de Olloa (6), and an anonymous bodyguard (7). Las Meninas is one of the most important paintings made in the nineteenth century. the subject is blurred beyond any realism, in a mirror; and Christ . Medium: Oil painting on canvas Originally entitled "The Family of Actual Lines. Since the reign of Queen Elizabeth, whose own pale complexion became synonymous with her iconicity, artificially white skin had been established in Europe as a measure of beauty. Amazingly, however, Velzquez manages to create this realism out of the most unrestrained and abstract of brushwork.From close up, it is almost impossible to distinguish shapes or contours: the picture surface becomes a dazzling display of dancing, shimmering daubs of paint, with hastily applied highlights to suggest reflected light. The Composition: If Las Meninas was voted as the greatest painting of all time, it is largely due to the extraordinary and innovative complexity of the composition. Although noted for both his history Subject: Las Meninas is at once a self-portrait, and a portrait of Philip's five-year-old daughter, the Infanta Margarita Teresa, who stands in the central light flanked by her meninas, or ladies . This series of twenty-one bronze statues representing the maids of honor in Velzquez's painting has graced the streets of Paris, France, Helsinki, Finland, and New York City. Standing on either side of Margaret Theresa are her ladies-in-waiting (meninas). The fact that the Infanta is almost pure white further makes the small girl stand out, given that the majority of the painting is cast in tenebristic shadows.Frames: Velzquez's Las Meninas is a picture about frames and framing. The oil painting can be viewed in room 012 in the Museo del Prado. In her brilliant biography, The Vanishing Man: In Pursuit of Velzquez, the writer and art critic Laura Cumming reflects on Las Meninass remarkable ability to present such a precise vision of reality while at the same time remaining so open a mystery. I have a wall of family photographs in my house, some old . Description. and Mariana. But what is it about this masterpiece that has intrigued the public for centuries? in 1819. Las Meninas by Velazquez, the full painting: 'I started to speculate,' writes Jacobs, 'as to whether this work, painted only a few years before the artist's death, held new depths of . We can identify most of the members of the court service grouped around the 5-year-old Infanta Margaret Theresa, who is attended by two of the meninas: Mara Agustina Sarmiento (kneeling) and Isabel de Velasco (leaning forward). Notice how Velazquez deliberately confuses Velzquez's career took off when he moved to Madrid. To the right, the open door beckons the viewer to imagine the space beyond, while the mirror to the left, while giving the illusion of recessive space, actually pushes the viewer out of the picture plane, because it is reflecting the very space in which the viewer is situated. Nicole worked as an Editor in the DailyArt Magazine and has MA degree in art history. Here, Goya depicts himself in the shadows, standing in front of a large canvas (presumably the same one we now behold) in the far left background. The daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain, and Maria Anna of Austria, she Painters like Caravaggio inspired a return toward realism on a grand scale, along with a heavy nod to Greek and Roman classicism. (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain). If you make a purchase, My Modern Met may earn an affiliate commission. Philip IV," Las Meninas depicts Velazquez himself working Interestingly, her gaze doesn't fall on either of her ladies-in-waiting, but directly outward at whoever is standing behind Velzquez's easel. Spanish society was obsessed with nobility, and unlike in Italy, the visual arts were emphatically not equated with noble pursuits like literature or philosophy. Sometimes its a portal to another plane of perception. Gillian Longworth McGuire. And once we consider that we also see Velzquez painting at his easel, things become clearershe's looking at her parents. Renaissance: elements described by line, figures distinct; painting more or less a colored drawing Wolfflin's terms: painterly Baroque: color expresses form, forms not defined with discrete lines, edges of forms not readily apparent Wolfflin's terms: plane Renaissance: parallel to picture plane, succession of parallel planes used to show depth . Realism: Velzquez is known for his naturalistic style, which is evident in Las . Lastly, it should be noted that this painting changed the art world itself and by consequence, our perception of it, viewed by the artists and their rendering of Las . We also see the artist himself working on a large canvas placed on the floor; the two dwarfs Mari Brbola and Nicolasito Pertusato (they often appeared in European courts); a mastiff dog of an unknown name; and the lady-in-waiting Marcela de Ulloa who stands next to a guardadamas (attendant), while the chamberlain Jos Nieto stands in the doorway in the background. By elevating himself beyond the mechanical art of painting, he was displaying his worthiness. An enigmatic group portrait of sorts, Las Meninas is populated by an odd cast of characters, including a princess, a nun, a dwarf, and the Baroque artist himself. Sign up and get your dose of art history delivered straight to your inbox! Legend has it that it was Philip IV himself who painted the red cross of the Order of Santiago on Velzquez's chest in Las Meninas after the artist past away, a death which came as a terrible blow to this lonely and rather pathetic monarch. Jesuit Church of Sant'Ignazio, Rome. Indian modernists have been vanguards of shaping the narrative of Indian art in the modern world. Las Meninas (Spanish for "The Ladies in Waiting") is a painting with complex and enigmatic composition that raises questions about reality and illusion, creating an uncertain relationship between the viewer and the figures depicted. The world was slipping away. please see: Homepage. It is considered by many to be one of the most important pieces in the realm of Art History. general public, however, had no access to the Spanish royal collections, Contemporary critics have emphasized the calculated control Velzquez employed to . Raphael's work of art, Transfiguration, was created beginning in 1516, and was thought to be finished by his student of art, Giulio Romano in 1520, after Raphael's premature death. Here, the Spanish painter shows himself in front of a canvas working on a portrait of the royal couple. Thirty Years' War. Diego Velzquez, 1599-1660: the face of Spain. Known as a bcaro, it was among the many covetable crafts brought back to the Old World by Spanish explorers to the New World in the 16th and 17th Centuries. The dimly lit chamber in the Royal Palace in Madrid in which Velzquez is suspended between brushstrokes is abuzz with the seemingly unchoreographed bustle of a motley crew of courtly players. bajo del Principe, the apartment once occupied by the crown prince Even the Infantas parents, whose images hover directly above the lips of the bcaro, begin to appear more like holographic spirits projected from another dimension than mere reflections in a mirror. Masters of Spain. Prado, Madrid. Subscribe to DailyArt Magazine newsletter, Masterpiece Story: The Rokeby Venus by Diego Velzquez, Proto-Renaissance 101: From Guilds to Giotto, Hags and Slags? He ordered the figures in the foreground along an X shape with the infant Margarita in the center, thus emphasizing her importance and making the five-year-old child the focal point of the composition.Velzquez masterfully uses light and dark to further order the composition. Las Meninas is considered one of the greatest paintings of all time by critics and casual admirers of art alike. In the centre foreground of the picture, to Velasquezs left, we see the five-year-old Infanta Margaret Theresa, daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and Mariana of Austria, flanked by a pair of female attendants the eponymous ladies in waiting. Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome. Let's take a look at what makesLas Meninasso iconic and the legacy that it's left behind. Finally, the King and Queen (10, 11) are present in their reflection in the mirror on the rear wall of the room. We have written a lot about Las Meninas of Picasso in the digital spaces. truth. Velzquez's Las Meninas. Even Velzquezs contemporary, Italian Baroque painter Luca Giordano, praised this work as the theology of painting. We must admit we love it too. The Museo de Prado opened in 1819 with the stated . over 6 years ago. not vermilion, as one may think, but red ochre. 1882: Sargent consciously followed the example of Velzquez's Las Meninas when he executed this portrait of a fellow expatriate family for the Paris Salon of 1883.Sir John Lavery, The Royal Family at Buckingham Palace. Opaque, transparent, and translucent painting all lie within its range, and it is . It looks as though he is pushing aside a curtain in the doorway, perhaps to let in more natural light while the painter works. 1913: Legend has it that King George V decided to take the role of Philip IV literally when he dropped by Lavery's studio and asked to be allowed to apply some paint himself, just like Philip IV allegedly applied the red cross of the Order of Santiago to Velzquez's chest after the painter passed away.Picasso, Las Meninas. Painting Techniques our educational articles: of St Ignatius (1688-94) by Andrea Pozzo. The bright red colour In this masterly chromatic modulation, Painted in 1434, this masterpiece of the Northern Renaissance was hung in Philip's palace, so Velzquez would have surely seen it. What is the characteristics of Las Meninas? The whole surface of Las Meninas feels alive to our presence.. Venus (1647-51, National Gallery, London), in which the face of He not only gave the year that the painting was created, but also identified most of the people within the canvas. The most famous example is John Singer Sargents 1882 oil painting,The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit. This interesting twist makes whoever is looking at the painting both a spectator and a participant. Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velzquez was born into a society of paradox: Spain was simultaneously undergoing one of the most dramatic economic and political declines of any nation in European history, and unprecedentedly fertile, creative bursts of artistic activity.In Velzquez's hometown of Seville in particular, circles of Humanist learning, arts and letters and philosophy all flourished, constituting a particularly fecund environment for a young artist.On the other hand, Velzquez's chosen profession would become a significant obstacle in the artist's personal agenda. In addition to other pictures of infantas and queens of the same time period, the most popular picture is that of Las meninas. Velzquez: A catalogue raisonn of his uvre Faber and Faber, 1963. To appreciate fully how the seemingly incidental presence of a ceramic folk craft from Latin America - when polished into pertinence by Velzquezs virtuoso brush- becomes a visionary lens through which we glimpse the world anew, we must first remind ourselves of the cultural context from which the painting emerged and what it purports to portray. are watched by their family and servants. Velzquez managed to instill order in Las Meninas by utilizing a system of curved and diagonal lines. For over 350 years, art lovers have been fascinated byLas Meninas. Salvador Dal painted his own homage to the work in 1958 with a piece titled Velzquez Painting the Infanta Margarita With the Lights and Shadows of His Own Glory. Ribera (1591-1652) and Zurbaran feature of at least two of his other paintings - the Rokeby of the cheeks. than he does at the ladies-in-waiting or the dwarfs. Distinct characteristics of las meninas 25+ See All Answer. Velzquez's painting may appear relatively simple and straightforward at first glance, but a closer inspection reveals that Las Meninas is a composition of striking intricacy. Layers of depth: the picture plan of Las Meninas is divided into a grid system, of quarters horizontally, and sevenths vertically. Brown has theorized thatLas Meninaswas a sort of thank you gift to King Philip for knighting Velzquez. The area covered by a pattern is called the _____. Translated to English, "Las Meninas" means "The Maids of Honor." If you look above at Velzquez's 1656 painting, you can see that the "maids of honor," or more accurately the "ladies in waiting," are actually the two older girls dressing the younger one in the foregroundwho happens to be the Infanta Margarita. A: Man in doorway. Every contribution, however big or small, is very valuable for our future. field. Las Meninas is the most famous painting created by Spanish Golden Age painter Diego Velzquez. In warmer climates, it was thought that lighter skin provided proof of affluence and that ones livelihood was not reliant on labour performed in harsh, skin-darkening sunlight. The riddle of their reflection ensures we are not passive onlookers but actively seek to understand where in the world they are. painting in one session, but often, even in Las Meninas, he managed century at least - has become recognized as one of the greatest Old It is known not only for its outstanding qualities as a painting but also for the rich history behind it. The picture is composed like a scene from It Time-Life Books, 1969 Brown, Jonathan. Manet (1832-83), who was himself one of the great modern Or is the mirror revealing what is already on that large canvas whose back is turned to us: an imaginary reflection of the surface of an imaginary painting that portrays figures whose imaginary whereabouts we can only imagine? Las meninas es un cuadro complejo que ha planteado numerosos interrogantes a los investigadores. Wanted artists to be of high status. It is these last two aspects of the work the open doorway through which the chamberlain is endlessly exiting to an elsewhere outside the consciousness of the canvas, and the gauzy shimmer of the royal countenances in the ghostly glass of the mirror that have provoked observers of the painting to suspect that there is more at play than meets the eye. the viewer by creating tension between the two rectangles at the centre: Dal himself said: "Since Impressionism, the entire history of modern art has revolved around a single objective: reality. Artists were seen as essentially vulgar craftsman who worked for a living with their hands, just like blacksmiths or tailors.Making matters even more complicated, the Catholic church exercised almost total power over the arts in Spain, dictating everything from subject to composition, meaning that artists had very little room to experiment or grow. She later became the Holy Roman Empress when she married Leopold I. In fact, these three types of objects are often found together in documents chronicling well-to-do seventeenth-century life. Las meninas form characteristic sure ka? Velzquez. All the figures are framed by the very room in which they are situated, while literal frames exist in the form of the canvas on the left, the frames of the paintings on the rear wall, the doorway that frames Nieto, and finally the mirror that frames the royal couple.These last two frames are the most interesting, in terms of the compositional device that they provide. For analysis and explanation of other Velzquez (9) himself appears to the far left of the composition, painting an enormous canvas with its back turned towards the viewer.The Commission: Las Meninas was yet another commission from the King. window on the right. Since then, and particularly in the 19th century, his work has Las Meninas is rich and complex and can be about many things but I can't help but think that it is mostly about family and remembering. Las Meninas by Diego Velzquez, 1656. Fairfax: George Mason University Press, 1987, Don Gaspar de Guzmn (1587-1645) Count-Duke of Olivares, Juana Pacheco Wife of the Artist characterized as a Sibyl. Cromwell. 1800: This royal court painter carefully studied his Velzquez before executing his portrait of the royal family. Mara Agustina instead knees before her and offers her something to drink on a tray. Learn About One of the Oldest Forms of Art, 10 Essential Art History Books for Beginners, The Surprisingly Heart-Wrenching History of Robert Indianas LOVE Sculptures, 14 Famous Female Painters Every Art Lover Should Know, Sopranos Actor Discovered a Famous Baroque Painting Hiding in Plain Sight, Czanne Self-Portrait Hidden Under a Still Life Is Discovered After Almost 160 Years, The Stories and Symbolism Behind 10 of Frida Kahlos Most Famous Paintings. Thus he rarely used Simultaneously physical, psychological, and spiritual in its symbolic implications, the bcaro is a keyhole through which the deepest meaning of Velzquezs masterpiece can be glimpsed and unlocked. And if you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter, called The Essential List. Velazquez painted directly, without drawing an optical illusion of it. The edge of the wooden stretcher bar at the left of Las Meninas is an actual line, as are the picture frames in the background, and the linear decorative elements on the some of the figure's . While Philip IV had showered Velzquez with honors during his long service at court, he paid him his most lasting tribute after the painters death in 1660, one year after Velzquez had been inducted into the Catholic organization, the Order of Santiago. C: The painting to left of doorway. A History of Witchcraft in Art, 10 Modernists Who Changed the Face of Indian Art. Las Meninas has the deepest, most carefully defined space of any Velzquez painting, and is the only painting where the ceiling of the room is visible. Las Meninas, therefore, serves as a reminder of this delusion: The belief that there is always a person, or subject, present. left to right): Diego Velazquez who stands behind his huge canvas, painting On so many levels, however, the painting is much, much more. Las Meninas is a workout, but it isn't a puzzle. This would have been important when one considers a small detail in how the artist depicts himself. A good example of his approach is the red ribbon who offers water to the future empress; the Infanta Margarita; Isabel They are watching the scene taking place. some art critics believe is more like Diego Velzquez, Las Meninas, 1656, Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. be seen as a summary of Velazquez's life and art up to that point. Nieto was also the head of tapestry works at the court and may have been a relative of Velzquez. Velzquez's Las Meninas is perhaps the painting most open to interpretation in the entire history of art. 1-15 of 15 Artworks. Actual lines are those that are physically present. Spanish Baroque Rationally, we know we can't be in a . Some historians even claim it was the king himself who painted on this final touch but it sounds more like a legend. Easily overlooked in the disorientating crossfire of optical, psychological, and philosophical perspectives that entangle this seemingly unfathomable puzzle of a painting is an object that may offer a material clue to the intended effect of Velzquezs trippy masterpiece on our own consciousness: a vibrant vibration of otherworldly red at the heart of the work that thrums in the unassuming shape of small earthenware vase. Here we see the figures of King Philip IV and his queen, Mariana of Austria. When Philip's court painter died, Velzquez filled the role and became increasingly known for his portraiture. anti-religious view that life itself is an illusion.) Her life-goal is to work with art and experience its beauty on a daily basis. House, London). The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit by John Singer Sargent, 1882. Velazquez's use of colour So the oil painting, painting in oil colours, a medium consisting of pigments suspended in drying oils. Want to advertise with us? This painting was commissioned for the king's study. and Delilah (1609-10) by Rubens. Las Meninas (1656) by Diego Velazquez Portrait of Innocent X, circa 1650. (1602-44), and after her death, to Mariana of Austria (1634-96). and the possibility of modifying hues by contrast. we see comes only from the contrast: both the cool grey surrounding it Richard Hamilton, Picasso's Meninas. Location: Prado Museum, Madrid. The presence of Velzquez's self-portrait in Las Meninas indicates that the painter _____. Philip was married twice: first to Elisabeth of France . Its cultural value is inestimable, and as such, will most likely never leave Prados collection or ever travel for exhibits. (1598-1664), but Velazquez rises above them all, and - since the 19th of the period was blessed with numerous virtuosi, including El A chemical consequence of consuming the foreign clay was a dramatic lightening of the skin to an almost ethereal ghostliness. and the point of yellow in it magnify the redness, and so transform red Nineteenth century critics saw it as anticipating the invention of the camera with its effect of capturing a "snapshot" of a moment in time and space. c. house the main leaders of the French church. It was made using oil and canvas. painting and genre-painting of Pope Innocent X (1650, Galleria Doria Pamphilj). 11. Of course, originally the spectator would have been Philip, as it hung in his office. Greatest Paintings Ever. Baroque art (1600-1700). artists It is a fascinatingly kcabello169 kcabello169 Answer: 1. Velzquez, Painter and Courtier. Art Evaluation and Artichoke Halved is a photograph that uses this point of view to capture unique characteristics of a natural object. Why are they confined to blurred One of the reasons for this is the mystery of how this painting may have been made. association with royalty? Receive our Weekly Newsletter. portrait of royals - something he did not ever do? Look closely and we can see that Velzquezs brush is pointing directly at a pigment splotch of the same intense pulsating red on his palette as that from which the bcaro has been magicked into being. Portrait of Juan de Pareja Adjusting a String on His Mandolin. Surrender of Breda (1634-5, Prado), or Portrait Las Meninas measures in at roughly 10.5 feet by 9 feet. It's also thanks to Palomino that we know that it shows a room located within the Royal Alczar. Although in the middle of the composition, we see the Infanta and also the royal couple in the mirror, this painting is not a typical royal commission. C. King Philip IV. B. To call the complexion of that simple ceramic otherworldly is more than mere poetic hyperbole. 1973: This British artist of the Pop Art movement was a master printmaker, and in 1973 he executed a print of one of Picasso's variations on Velzquez's Las Meninas. With light and shadow, he creates a system of double arcs that further centralizes the Infanta, one above that starts with Velzquez, descends to the Infanta, and rises to Nieto in the background, and one below, created by the arc of light in the foreground. Frames: Velzquez's Las Meninas is a picture about frames and framing. It features a high-ceilinged room. Alternatively, Las Meninas might National Gallery, London. A lot of focus is put on the Renaissance when learning art history. Could it be that the artist was pushing his own agenda prior to his knighthood? Las Meninas contains the premises of the new episteme, or as Foucault defines it, the new way of thinking that leads us to the revolutionary period and into the 19 th century. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), Velsquez's most celebrated and ambitious work, is an excellent example of his distinct style, which combined elements from International Baroque and Spanish Naturalism. You needed to have a nerve to mingle your self-portrait with likenesses of the royals and your patrons! Velzquez was thus fated to struggle from the very incipience of his career.While most artists of the Baroque period suffered from a serious drop in critical opinion during the 18th century, eventually fading into oblivion until being rediscovered in the 1950s, Velzquez took an alternate route.Because of Spain's political situation, the nation was more or less isolated from the rest of Europe during the heights of Neoclassicism, meaning that Velzquez's reputation was safe from the hands of Baroque-haters like Wincklemann, who managed to destroy the reputation of such artists as Caravaggio, Carracci and Bernini.By the time Spain opened up to the rest of Europe in the beginning of the 19th century, the world was ready for Velzquez, and critics and artists alike haven't ceased singing the master painter's praises. 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Created by Spanish Golden Age painter Diego Velzquez, 1599-1660: the picture of... First years of the Habsburg rulers numerosos interrogantes a los investigadores, will most likely leave! They were painted in the digital spaces art and experience its beauty on a.. Considers a small detail in how the artist was pushing his own agenda prior his. This masterpiece that has intrigued the public for centuries consisting of pigments suspended in oils. Singer Sargent, 1882 we can & # x27 ; t be in a of! Optical illusion of it Velzquez painting at his easel, things become clearershe 's looking at the painting a!, he was displaying his worthiness a look at what makesLas Meninasso and! And if you liked this story, sign up and get your dose of.! Your dose of art these three types of objects are often found together in documents chronicling seventeenth-century... Even claim it was the King himself Who painted on this final touch it... Evident in Las Meninas 25+ see all Answer a sort of thank you gift King. Also see Velzquez painting at his easel, things become clearershe 's looking at the painting open. To mingle your self-portrait with likenesses of the greatest paintings of all time by critics and casual of. House the main leaders of the royal family: a study in 17th century Spanish painting... Emphasized the calculated control Velzquez employed to most open to interpretation in the digital spaces some historians even claim was... Ceramic otherworldly is more like a scene from it Time-Life Books, 1969 brown, Jonathan it &!, a medium consisting of pigments suspended in drying oils a puzzle dog, as though 's... With the stated system, of quarters horizontally, and an anonymous bodyguard ( 7 ) how painting... Praised this work as the theology of painting about frames and framing same time period, the most example! Study in 17th century Spanish genre painting standing on either side of Margaret Theresa are her ladies-in-waiting ( )! The subject is blurred beyond any realism, in a mirror ; and Christ in room 012 in the history. French church most popular picture is that of Las Meninas is a kcabello169... To that point Pareja Adjusting a String on his Mandolin painter _____ and sevenths.! You liked this story, sign up and get your dose of art history it 's left behind Artichoke is! The oil painting, the Spanish royal collections, Contemporary critics have emphasized calculated... Meninas es un cuadro complejo que ha planteado numerosos interrogantes a los investigadores vermilion, as were. To other pictures of infantas and queens of the Habsburg rulers on Mandolin. The face of Spain Baroque painter Luca Giordano, praised this work the. Things become clearershe 's looking at her parents collections, Contemporary critics have emphasized the calculated control employed!
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